Citrus reticulata: clementine, loose-skinned orange, Maltese orange, mandarin orange, Satsuma, Satsuma orange, Swatow orange, tangerine

Common Names

in English: clementine, loose-skinned orange, Maltese orange, mandarin orange, Satsuma, Satsuma orange, Swatow orange, tangerine

in French: mandarinier

in China: chen pi, ju hong pi, ju ke, ju luo, qing pi, qing pi si

in India: aravata, gul-e-bahar (bahar naranj), kamala, kamalappalam, kamlaphalam, kanchi kaayi, kiththale, kittalay, kodagina kithaale, komola, madhuranarakam, madhuranaranna, naagapuri kitthale, naarangi, naarinja, naramgi, naranga, narangah, narangam, narangi, nowrangi, sangtara, santara, santhara, santra chhal, santra chilka, svadunarangah

in Japan: ponkan

in Tibet: skyur rtsi chun na

in Vietnam: may cam chia, quat thuc, quit

in Congo: indeleni, mandeleni

in Mauritius: vangassay

in South America: daranja, limón mandarina, mandarina, mandarina verde, mantarinarr, naranja

Floral Description

According To Flora of  Pakistan

Slender tree, 4-6 m tall. Spines absent or short. Leaves 6-8 cm, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, serrate; petiole narrowly winged. Flowers white, axillary, mostly bisexual. Stamens more or less united into a tube. Fruit oblate or pyriform, 5-8 cm in diameter. Rind bright yellow to orange, tinged red, with sunken oil glands, usually rough and warty; rind easily separable from the pulp vesicles. Axis hollow. Pulp vesicles loosely attached. Pulp orange, sweet or acidic.

According to Flora of China

Small trees. Branchlets numerous, with few spines. Leaves 1-foliolate; leaf blade lanceolate, elliptic, or broadly ovate, basal articulated part to leaf blade usually narrow or only a remnant, midvein furcate near apex, margin apically obtusely crenulate or rarely entire, apex emarginate. Flowers solitary to 3 in a fascicle. Calyx irregularly 3-5-lobed. Petals usually 1.5 cm or less. Sta-mens 20-25. Style long, slender; stigma clavate. Fruit pale yellow, orange, red, or carmine, oblate to subglobose, smooth or coarse; pericarp very thin to thick, easily removed; sarcocarp with 7-14 segments or rarely more, sweet to acidic and sometimes bitter, with few to many seeds or rarely seedless; pulp vesicles plump, short, rarely slender and long. Seeds usually ovoid, base rounded, apex narrow and acute; embryos numerous, rarely solitary; cotyledons dark green, pale green, or milky white; chalaza purple

Chemical Constitutes

cis-Jasmone, (+)-S-Carvone, (E)-beta-Farnesene, (E)-Caryophyllene, (E)-Citral, (E)-Ocimene, (R)-(+)-Perillaldehyde, (R)-linalool, (Z)-Citral, (Z)-Ocimene, 1,8-Cineole, 1-Octanol, 2,6-Dimethyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene, 2-Phenylethanol, 3'-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone, 3,3',4',5,6,7,8-Heptamethoxyflavone, 4'-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-6'',6''-dimethylpyrano[2,3:7,8]flavone, 4'-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone, 4(10)-Thujene, 5,7,3',4',5'-Pentamethoxyflavone, 5,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone, 5,7-Dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone, 5-Hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-Methoxytryptamine, 6-Hydroxyluteolin 5,6,3',4'-tetramethyl ether, 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 7-Hydroxy-5,6,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 8-Heptadecene, Acerosin, Acetone, Allo-Ocimene, alpha,4-Dimethylstyrene, alpha-Myrcene, alpha-Phellandrene, alpha-Pinene, alpha-Sinensal, alpha-Terpinene, alpha-Terpineol, alpha-Thujene, Benzaldehyde, Benzene acetonitrile, Benzeneacetaldehyde, beta-Bisabolene, beta-Pinene, beta-Sinensal, Calamenene, Carvacrol, Carvyl acetate, Citronellal, Citronellol, Curcumene, Cyclohexane, Demethylnobiletin, Eupatilin, Gibberellin A1, Gibberellin A17, Gibberellin A19, Gibberellin A20, Gibberellin A29, Gibberellin A4, Gibberellin A44, Gibberellin A53, Gibberellin A8, Heptadecane, Hordenine, Isoscutellarein 7,8,4'-trimethyl ether, Isoscutellarein 7,8-dimethyl ether, Isosinensetin, Limonene, Limonin, m-Isopropenyl toluene, Melatonin, Methyl anthranilate, Methyl salicylate, Myrcene, n-Phenylformamide, Naringin, Neo-allo-ocimene, Nerol, Nerolidol, Nobiletin, Nomilin, o-Isopropenyl toluene, Octanal, p-Cymen-8-ol, p-Cymene, p-Mentha-1,8-dien-6-ol, Pentadecane, Rubixanthin, Sabinene hydrate, Salvigenin, Serotonin, Sinensetin, Sudachitin, Takakin, Tangeretin, Terpinolene, Thymol, Tyramine, Zeaxanthin

Activities and Uses

Rind aromatic, tonic, stomachic, astringent, carminative, antiscorbutic, used for gastric and abdominal distension, cough, vomiting; fruit refrigerant. Oil anodyne, antispasmodic.