Arachis hypogaea: Cajun peanut, Chinese nut, earth-nut, goober, goober pea, grass-nut, groundnut, mani, Manila nut, monkeynut, peanut, pindar, runner peanut, Spanish peanuts, Valencia peanut, Virginia peanut

Description:

The peanut, also known as the groundnut and the goober and taxonomically classified as Arachis hypogaea, is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers. It is classified as both a grain legume and, because of its high oil content, an oil crop. 

Common Names:

in English: Cajun peanut, Chinese nut, earth-nut, goober, goober pea, grass-nut, groundnut, mani, Manila nut, monkeynut, peanut, pindar, runner peanut, Spanish peanuts, Valencia peanut, Virginia peanut

in Peru: inche

in Cambodia: sânndaèk dèi

in China: chang sheng kuo, lo hua sheng, luo hua sheng, tu tou

in India: alamatitakkatalai, alamatitam, attumakecari, badam, baeru kadale, bhising, bhonysing, bhonysingh, bhooichane, bhooisheng, bhucanakah, bhuchanaka, bhuimung, bhuichana, bhuichane, bhuimug, bhuimuga, bhuisheng, bhumija, bhushimbika, bhusimbi, bhustha, buchanaka, chinibadam, chooyimoonga, elumacikacceti, elumacikam, kadale, kadale kaayi, kallakkay, kalle kaayi, karralikacceti, karralikam, katalaikkottai, kattukkatalai, kotaikkottai, kotinimpiyacceti, kotinimpiyam, leibak-hawai, mallakkottai, mandapi, manilakkatalai, manilakkottai, manilakottai, maracaki, maracikikkatalai, moongphali, moticceti, mumphali, mung-phali, mung-phalli, mungphali, narali, naralikkatalai, nela-sanagalu, nela sanagalu, nelagadale, nelagadale kaayi, nelagale-kayi, nelak-katala, nelakadale, nelakkatala, nelgale, nilak-kadalai, nilakadalai, nilakkadalai, nilakkatai, nilakkatala, nila-kadalai, nilakkottai, nilasanagalu, noncavakkottai, noncavam, potippurikakkoti, potippurikam, raktabija, shaenga, shaenga daana, snehabija, snehabijaka, tribija, vaerkadali, vaerushanagalu, verk-kadalai, verk-katala, verkadalai, verkkadalai, verkkala, verkkatalai, verusanagalu, verushanaga, verushanaga-kaya, verushanagalu, vilaaythimug, vilayati-mung, vilayatimug, vilayeti-mung, vilayetimung, virushanaga-kaya

in Indonesia: kacang Jawa, kacang Manila, kacang tanah

in Japan: jiimami, rakka-sei

in Laos: thwàx din, thwàx ho

in Malaysia: kacang China, kacang Jawa, kacang goreng, kachang china, kachang goring, kachang tanah

in Papua New Guinea: galip bilong giraun, kasang

in Philippines: mani, batung-China

in Thailand: thua din, thua lisong

in Vietnam: dâu phong, lac

in Angola: (alu) ngupa, amendoim

in Benin: azijn, ekpagidi, san-a

in Burkina Faso: nanguri, sincam, sunkam, tiga

in Burundi: ibiyoba, ikoyoba

in Cameroon: osoba, owondi, owondo

in Central African Republic: akora, zafa, zawa

in Congo: kabemba, kalanga

in Gabon: mbénda, mpinda, mvèna, nzolè, ogôn, owôn, owuni, pénda, pinda, pindè

in Madagascar: vahimboanjokotra

in Mali: elgele

in Nigeria: egpa, gedda, gyada, kulakwache, okpa ekele

in Rwanda: ubunyobwa

in Sierra Leone: a-kan, grannat, nyui

in Tanzania: karanga, mjugu nyasa, mnjugu nyasa

in Uganda: binyebwa

in West Africa: aziin, chin’do, ekpagidi, n’gachi, n’gaté, sana, tiga, tika

in Yoruba: epa gidi, orore epada

Floral Description:

According to Flora of Pakistan:

Annual, erect or straggling herb, c. 30 cm long. Leaf stipulate, stipule 1.5-4.0 cm long, ciliate. Free part of petiole 1.5-7 cm long; leaflets 4, obovate or elliptic, 1-7 cm long, 0.7-3.2 cm wide, rounded or emarginate and mucronate at the apex, glabrous or sparsely pilose beneath. Flowers solitary axillary, pedicellate; primary bracts ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.4 cm long, 4-5 mm wide, biapiculate; secondary bracts similar but bifid. Hypanthium 2-4 mm long, pubescent. Corolla 0.7-1.3 cm long, yellow with red nerves. Stamens 8-9. Pod 2-6 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, gynophore becoming 1-20 cm long. Seed subovoid, 1-2 cm long.

According to Flora of China

Herbs, annual, erect to decumbent. Stems erect or procum­bent, (6-)30-80 cm tall, yellowish pubescent, glabrescent. Stipules 2-4 cm, pilose. Leaves usually 4-foliolate; petiole 3.7-10 cm, covered with long flexuous trichomes, basally adnate to stipule; petiolules 1-10 mm, velutinous; leaflet blades ovate-oblong to obovate, 1.1-5.9 × 0.5-3.4 cm, papery, both surfaces with long trichomes, veins ca. 10 on each side of midvein, base almost rounded, margin ciliate, apex obtuse or emarginate and mucronate. Bracts lanceolate, apex acuminate. Flowers 8-10 mm, sessile; bracteoles lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, velutinous. Calyx tube 4-6 mm, thin. Corolla yellow to golden yellow; standard spreading, apex emarginate; wings distinct, oblong to obliquely ovate, slender; keels distinct, long ovate, shorter than wings, inflexed, apex acuminate to beaked. Ovary oblong; style longer than calyx; stigma terminal, small, sparsely pubescent. Legume geocarpic, oblong, inflated, 2-5 × 1-1.3 cm, thick-walled, retic­ulate veined, with 1-4(-6) seeds. Seeds light brown, oblong, 5-10 mm in diam

Chemical Constitutes:

(+)-Catechin, 1,3,7-Trihydroxyxanthone, 3,5-Dihydroxy-benzoic acid, 3-Isopentadienyl-3',4,5'-trihydroxystilbene, 4-(3-Methyl-but-1-enyl)-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene, 4-Prenylresveratrol, 5,7-Dihydroxychromone, 5,7-Dihydroxyisoflavone, 5,7-Dimethoxyisoflavone, alpha-Terpineol, alpha-Tocopherol, Arachidic acid, Caffeic acid, Chrysoeriol, Daidzein, Eriodictyol, Glyoxylic acid, Leucocyanidin, Luteolin, Proanthocyanidin A1, Proanthocyanidin A2, Procyanidin B2, Procyanidin B3, Procyanidin B4, Pyruvic acid, Resveratrol, Soyasapogenol B, Spermidine, Spermine, Stigmasterol

Nutritional Contents:

Proteins: 0.000 - 52200.000 mg/100g

Fiber (dietary): 0.000 - 15800.000 mg/100g

Fatty acids: 550.000 - 100000.000 mg/100g

Fat: 1700.000 - 36081.700 mg/100g

Energy: 318.000 - 3700.000 kcal/100g

Carbohydrate:0.000 - 69250.000 mg/100g

Activities and Uses:

Risk of liver cancer associated with aflatoxin ingestion from peanuts; aflatoxins and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are important risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moldy groundnuts may contain toxic substances, aflatoxin, the most important toxin found in moldy groundnuts, produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Peanuts are the food most likely to produce allergic and anaphylactic reactions. Plant emollient and demulcent, used to relieve cough. Leaf macerations drunk as a diuretic; leaf infusions drunk against female infertility and as eye drops to treat cataract. Pod extracts taken as a galactagogue, and as eye drops to treat conjunctivis. Seedlings and pod extract aphrodisiac, tonic. Seed oil emollient, laxative; seeds soaked overnight and the filtrate taken orally to cure schistosomiasis, also called bilharzia or bilharziosis. Veterinary medicine.

Among above stated activities, it also shows activities such as: Analeptic, Antiaggregant, Antiapoptotic, Anticariogenic, Antidiabetic, Antidote, Antidote , Antiinflammatory, Antiischemic, Antioxidant, Antiparkinsonian, Antiradicular, Antitumor, colon, Anxiolytic, Aperient, Aphrodisiac, Apoptotic, Astringent, Bechic, Cardioprotective, Cerebroprotective, Chemopreventive, Cyanogenic, Cyclooxygenase COX-2 inhibitor, Demulcent, Diuretic, Emollient, Estrogenic, Febrifuge, Fungicide, Goitrogenic, Hemostat, Hypocholesterolemic, Hypotensive, Hypothermic, Hypotriglyceridemic, iNOS inhibitor, Lactagogue, Laxative, Litholytic, Neuroprotective, NO-genic, Osteogenic, Pancreaprotective, Pectoral, Peptic, Radioprotective, Serotoninergic, Tonic, Vasoconstrictor, Vasorelaxant.