Floral Description:
According to Flora of Pakistan:
Perennial climber, branches slender, glabrous or sparsely silky. Stipules 3.5 -6 mm long, linear, deciduous. Leaves 5-10 cm long. Petiole 0.6-1.2 cm long. Leaflets 10-20 pairs, opposite, petiolule less than 1 mm, lamina 0.8-2.2 cm long, 3.5-6 cm broad, oblong, tip rounded, apiculate, glabrous above, sparsely hairy below. Racemes axillary, pedunculate, shorter or equalling the leaves. Pedicels short. Calyx 2.5 mm long, glabrous or sparsely silky, teeth very short. Corolla pink or white with a pink tinge, vexillum 9-10 mm long. Pod 2.5-4.2 cm long, 1-1.3 cm broad, oblong. Seeds 3-5, ovoid, 7-8 mm long, scarlet with a black spot at the hilum, sometimes white with a black spot or uniformly black or white.
Distribution: Pakistan; throughout India, Ceylon and Tropical Africa; introduced widely in the new and the old world; often planted.
The seeds are commonly used by jewellers as weights. They are poisonous and are put to many medicinal uses
According to Flora of China:
Stem slender, much branched, sparsely white strigose. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets 8-13-paired, opposite; petiolule short; blades suboblong, 1-2 × 0.4-0.8 cm, membranous, sparsely white strigose abaxially, glabrous adaxially, rounded at base, truncate and with mucro at apex. Racemes axillary, 3-8 cm. Flowers small, dense. Calyx campanulate, 4-toothed, white strigose. Corolla purple; standard with triangular claw; wings and keels narrower. Stamens 9. Ovary hairy. Legumes oblong, 2-3.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, leathery, dehiscent, with 2-6 seeds. Seeds lustrous, black in lower part, red in upper part, subglobose.The hard and very colorful seeds are often used in necklaces. They are dangerously toxic if ingested when the seed coat is not intact (e.g., if drilled for a necklace).
Common Names:
in English: bead vine, black-eyed Susan, coral-bead plant, coral pea, crab’s eyes, crab-eye vine, Indian licorice, Indian liquorice, Jamaica liquorice, jecquirity bean, jequerity seeds, jequirity, jequirity bean, john crow beads, jumbie bead, licorice, licorice bean, licorice vine, love bean, love pea, lucky bean, Paternoster beans, prayer beads, precatory bean, precatory- pea, red bead plant, red bean vine, rosary pea, weather plant, weather vine, wild licorice, wild liquorice
in Brazil: açacu-mirim, arvoeiro, geriginiti, inqueriti, jeriquiti, juqueriti, juriquiti, olho-de-cabra, olhos-de-pombo, periquiti, tento-arvoeiro, tento-dos-mudos
in Mexico: yogoak
in Venezuela: bejuco de peonia
in Benin: assenounkounman, awinoukouvi, babanyékou, dindin- foudin, djen-gjenkoundjen, djèndjènkoudjèn, odjouéga, sindin-foudin, viviman
in Botswana: mpitipiti
in Burundi: umurungarunga
in Comoros: karawashone, mbilimbitsi
in Congo: bembari ngyengye, djekiri, fingu, ikegne, ikenie, makoma koma, mangala, mopingwa, moungouba-kombo, mudjiri bisaye, muzekezeke, ngiengie, nguieguié, ngy engye
in Ivory Coast: boudonguié, damabo, goassien, gou-bléidi, klékwé, krikpé, laboma, moudié-bi-titi, sanga, sicama
in Kenya: banyorboi, motipitipi, mwanga-la-nyuki, ombulu
in Madagascar: hanana, kelimiefitra, liane réglisse, masogaga, masomamboatorana, masonamboatora, masonombilahy, matora, pater noster, réglisse du pays, voamaintilahy, voamaintilama, voamaintilany, voamantora, voamason’amboatorana, voamatora, voamena, voamentilano, voamina
in Mali: jiquirity, n’de bleni
in Nigeria: adagbe, ainya-nwono, ajikana, aladun, anya nwona, ewe aladun, idon-zakara, iwere-jeje, mako, mesen-mesen, mesenmesen, mesenmesen itakun, misinmisin, oju eyele, oju ologbo, olatogege, pakun obarisa, tandara, werenjeje
in N. Rhodesia: mikube, mukenyenge
in Senegal: ngid fanggool (= snake eyes)
in South Africa: umKhokha (Zulu)
in Tanzania: kitinutimu, lufambo, lufiambo, lufyambo, orututi,
rufumbo, ufambo, zangaso
in Togo: dékudjé, denkudjé, djédjinkudjin
in Uganda: kasitisiti, osito
in Zambia: masoapusi, mupiti, mupitipiti, musolosolo, muzaviji
in Zimbabwe: muTiti, mu Piti (Shona)
in Burma (Myanmar): ywe-nge
in Cambodia: ângkreem, kre:m krâ:m
in China: xiang si zi, hsiang ssu tzu, hung tou
in India: aainu-ddik, aainuddek, aainuddik, adimaduram, adingam, adisamiyai, ain-ed-dik, ali, angaravallari, angaravalli, arakead, arked, aru, aruna, atimadhuram, atimadhuramu, atimaturam, atinkam, atti, avu, bhilabhushana, bhillabusana, bhut kesi, boga lota, cekkunni, chakrashalya, chan-cha-lank, chanboi, chaning, chanothi, chanothi saphed, chanoti, chanoti pan, charmoi, charmoli, chashami-khurosa, chashme-khuros, chashmekharush, chashmkhuros, chashmkuros, chataki, chhannochi (gumachi) lal, chhannochi (gumachi) safed, chiramathi, chiramati lal, chiramati safed, chirmati, chirmati kali, chirmati lal, chirmati safed, chirmi, chirmiti, chormoi, chua-cha-lauk-li (for a plant with white seeds), chudala, chudamani, chuntli, cinkili, cinni, cinnicanni, ciritakam, ciritam, cirrilaimanikkoti, citakkanni, citikam, citikamanikkoti, cittilaicceti, civappakatitakkoti, civappakatitam, coondumunnie vayr, coonycooroo, cutamanikkoti, dhala kaincha, dhvankshanakha, durmogha, edalagam, egunru, ekunru, etalakam, galaganji, gaunchhi, gaungchi, ghughuchi, ghumachi, ghumchi, ghunchchi surkh, ghunchi, ghunchu, ghungchi, ghungchi safaid, ghunghachi, gomchi, gonjel, goonja, gueugunji, gul-ganji, gulagangi, gulaganji, gulagunji, gulagunjie, gulganji, guliganji, guluganji, gulugunjiballi, gumchi, guncaci, gunchi, gunci, gundamani, gundu-mani, gundumani, gunj, gunj ratt, gunja, gunji, gunjika, gunjratt, guri-ginja, guriginja, gurija, gurivenda, gurivinda, gurivindalu, gurj, guru-venda, gurugangi, guruganji, gurugiinia, guruginia, guruginja, gurugonji, gurugunji, gurunenda, guruvinda, haga, hauga, irattimadhuram, jeshtamadhu, kaheich, kainch, kaincha, kaka, kakachinchi, kakachinchibijam, kakachinchika, kakacincai, kakacinci, kakadani, kakajangha, kakananti, kakanantika, kakanantirai, kakani, kakashimbi, kakatikta, kakatiktam, kakatundika, kakavallari, kakini, kaksha, kalluraynci, kalmuraki, kalmurakikkoti, kamapoki, kamboji, kamperu, kampocam, kampoki, kampokikam, kanchi, kandam, kanichi, kanwar, karjain, karjani, karunkunri, karuttaniramalacci, katukali, katukalikkoti, katuku, kawet, kead, kempu kannu beeja, khaksi, kindumuthan, klitakam, klitakkam, koccimancati, koccimancatimani, kollikam, konni, koonch, koticci, kotipenam, kotiyenacceti, krishnachudika, krishnala, kuccam, kukkutam, kukkutamu, kunacam, kunakkari, kunapacakkoti, kunca, kuncakam, kuncalakkoti, kuncalam, kuncaram, kunch, kunch lal, kunci, kuncikam, kuncuram, kundh, kundrimani, kundumani, kundumuthan, kuni, kunjam, kunjuram, kunni, kunni-kuru, kunnikkuru, kunnikuru, kunniveru, kunri, kunri-mani, kunricceti, kunrimani, kunrivittu, kunthamani, kuntri, kuntumani, kuruvi, kuruvikakkoti, kuruvikam, kuruvintakkoti, lahan-gunj, lal geri, lal gunja, lal kunch, lal rati, lalgadi, latur mani, madhuka, madhukam, madhukavalli, madhumulam, maghz tukhm kunch, malaikkuruvi, maniccikai, maturakam, mirintika, mukkirakariyar, mukkirkariyar, mukkutamu, mulati, nakaciritam, nancaruttanputu, nanci, nancicci, naykattankoti, naykkarantai, naykkattan, nilakkunti, nilakkuntikkoti, nirattakankari, pacalai, palaccaki, palaccakikkoti, palaccaritam, rakta, raktala, raktan, raktika, ranga latumoni, rati, rati badami, rati gulabi, rati kali, rati safed, ratigiri, ratki, ratnalya, rattak, ratti, ratti safaid, ratti surkh, ratur mani, rauns, runjo, sarmai, saumya, shangir, shangushtha, shekkunn, shikhandi, shikhandini, shitapaki, shvetabija, shvetagunja, shvetaraktika, shvetkamboji, shvetochchata, shyamalachuda, sinnaguruginja, surkh, tamirakam, tamirikai, tanuve, tatti, tittaparuvan, tukhm kunch, tulabija, uccatam, uchchatta, uma, umatakiyakkoti, umatakiyam, uyar, uyarvukkoti, vaktrashalya, vanya, vayasadini, venkunri, venkunrivittu
in Indonesia: ailalu picar, akar belimbing, akar saga betina, aliwensi, aliweue, gaksagakan lakek, hasobe, idi idi maloko, idihi maloko, idisi maloko, kaca, kalepip, kaltasi, kandei, kenderi kundi, kundi, maat metan, mali-mali, parusa, pikal, pikalo, pikolo, piling-piling, punol, punu no matiti, ratti, saga, saga areuy, saga betina, saga biji, saga buncik, saga kenderi, saga ketek, saga leutik, saga manis, saga telik, sagai kai, sago batino, sarmai, seklawan, seugeun, seugew, talam punal, tampunal, taning bajang, tella guriginja, tella gurivinda, thaga, walipopo, war kamasan, war kamasin
in Japan: ahadan, tô-azuki
in Malaysia: akar belimbing, akar saga, akar saga betina, saga akar, saga betina, saga kechil
in Laos: khua sa em, makam
in Nepal: lalgedi, ratigedi
in Philippines: agaion, aguiang-iang, bangati, bugaiong,
bugayong, gikos-gikos, gumaing, kaloo, kansasaga, laga,
manggadolong, matang-pune, oiangia, saga
in Thailand: cha-em-thet, kam-ta-kai, kemkrom, klam
khruea, ma-khaek, ma-klam-khrua, ma-klam-ta-nu, ma
khaam thao, ma klam taanuu, mai fai, ta-klam
in Tibetan: ma ru rtse, mda’-rgyus, o la mase dmarpo, ol ma se dkar po, ol ma sedmar pod
in Vietnam: cam sao, cam thao day, cam th[ar]o d[aa]y, cuom thao, d[aa]y c[uw][owf]m th[ar]o, d[aa]y t[uw][ow]ng t[uw], day chi chi
in Australia: gidee gidee, wild jumble
in Fiji: diridamu, lele, leredamu
in Guam: kolales halumtano
in Hawaii: pukiawe, pukiawe lei, pukiawe lenalena, pupukiawe
Chemical Constitutes:
3,4'-Dihydroxy-7,3',5'-trimethoxyflavone 3-galactosyl-(1->4)-xyloside; 5,7-Dihydroxy-4',6-dimethoxyisoflavone 7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside; Abrectorin; Abruquinone A; Abruquinone B; Abruquinone C; Abruquinone D; Abruquinone E; Abruquinone F; Abruquinone G; Abrusin; Abrusin 2''-O-beta-apiofuranoside; Abrusoside A; Abrussaponin I; Abrussaponin II; Delphinidin 3-sambubioside; Gallic acid; Glycyrrhizic acid; Hypaphorine; Isoorientin; Kaikasaponin III methyl ester; L-Abrine; Luteolin; Precatorin II; Precatorin III; Squalene; Stigmasterol; Swertisin 8-methyl ether; Swertisin 8-methyl ether; Trigonelline.
Pharmacological Activities and Uses:
High toxicity. Seeds poisonous, highly toxic, often used criminally; a single wellmasticated seed can kill an adult human; abrin is regarded as one of the most deadly plant toxins known. Plant antibacterial, contraceptive, antiallergic, antimalarial, febrifuge, antiinflammatory, expectorant, insecticide, anti-schistosomiasis, molluscicidal. Root said to be emetic and useful in poisoning, an infusion used for procuring abortion; decoction of fruits of Pedalium murex with the roots of Abrus precatorius used as oral medicine to cure syphilis. Leaves or roots used for chest complaints, pleurisy; juice of fresh leaves on scabies and leprosy; dried leaves refrigerant; leaves applied on swollen tonsils; leaf juice mixed in water taken for cough. Roots, stem and leaves for the treatment of flu, cough, fever; roots used for expelling hookworm; roots infusion or juice used for procuring abortion; soaked crushed roots decoction taken to treat leucorrhea. Seeds antiseptic, abortifacient, tonic, antimalarial and antiinflammatory, poultice applied externally to cure mastitis and galactophoritis; paste of seeds said to decrease fertility in women, the lady will not get pregnant; seed paste with seeds of Albizia lebbeck given to cure cataract; seeds ground, brewed and taken as a cure for asthma; seed paste when placed in cotton and inserted in vagina causes abortion, also criminal abortion. Veterinary medicine, whole plant extract given orally for retained placenta; the leaves of this plant and the leaves of Calotropis procera are mixed, burnt and the ash given to goats after delivery; pounded leaves decoction given for insect bite; leaf paste a germicide to dress wounds in domestic animals; leaves extract given to cure anthrax, in insect bite, in retained placenta; crushed roots applied to cure white eyes of the cattle; powdered seeds given with water to treat liver disorders, poisoning and nervousness; seeds paste applied on yokegall, seed powder fed to ox to cure galls on the neck. Contact therapy, or touch therapy, to cure toothache a piece or root is tied around the ear.
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