Dog Flower (Antirrhinum majus)

Dog Flower:

Common Names:

in English:

common snapdragon, dragon’s mouth, garden snapdragon, large snapdragon, Dog flower, snapdragon, toad’s mouth

in Italian:

bocca di leone, bocca di leone comune, bocca di lupo

Scientific Names (Synonym):

Antirrhinum majus L.
Antirrhinum majus var. algeriense (Rouy) Maire
Antirrhinum majus subsp. ambiguum (Lange) Malag
Antirrhinum majus var. angustifolium Chav.
Antirrhinum majus f. angustifolium (Chav.) Jáv.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. barrelieri (Boreau) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. charidemi (Lange) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus f. cirrhigerum (Welw. ex Ficalho) Cout.

Antirrhinum majus subsp. cirrhigerum (Welw. ex Ficalho) Franco
Antirrhinum majus f. compositum (Lojac.) Bég.
Antirrhinum majus var. dubium Faure & Maire
Antirrhinum majus var. fallax Loret
Antirrhinum majus var. faurei (Maire) Jahand. & Maire
Antirrhinum majus subsp. glutinosum (Boiss. & Reut.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. hispanicum (Chav.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus var. huetii (Reut.) Rouy
Antirrhinum majus var. hybridum Benth.
Antirrhinum majus var. intermedium (Debeaux) Rouy
Antirrhinum majus var. latifolium (Hoffmanns. & Link) Brot.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. latifolium (Mill.) Rouy
Antirrhinum majus subsp. linkianum (Boiss. & Reut.) Rothm.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. litigiosum (Pau ex Sennen) Rothm.
Antirrhinum majus var. longipedunculatum Regel
Antirrhinum majus f. luteum (Bég.) Bég.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. meonanthum (Hoffmanns. & Link.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. molle (L.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus var. ochroleucum (Coss.) Jahand. & Maire
Antirrhinum majus var. ottomanum (Janka) Rouy

Antirrhinum majus var. peloria Migout
Antirrhinum majus var. pseudomajus (Rouy) Rouy
Antirrhinum majus var. ramosissimum Willk. ex Lange
Antirrhinum majus subsp. rupestre (Boiss.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. sempervirens (Lapeyr.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus var. siculum (Mill.) Fiori
Antirrhinum majus subsp. siculum (Mill.) Maire
Antirrhinum majus subsp. striatum (DC.) Rothm.
Antirrhinum majus var. striatum (DC.) Rothm.
Antirrhinum majus var. tortuosum (Bosc ex Vent.) Bég.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. tortuosum (Bosc ex Vent.) Rouy
Antirrhinum majus subsp. valentinum (Font Quer) Malag.

Pharmacological activities

Powdered stem to stop nose bleeding.
Leaves and flowers antiphlogistic, diuretic, bitter, resolvent and stimulant, detergent and astringent.
A treatment for scurvy, liver disorders, employed in poultices on ulcers, hemorrhoids.
Stem, leaves and fruits used in typhoid fever.

Chemical Constituents

Glycine,
L-Tryptophan,
Tyramine,
Cyanidin 3-rutinoside,
1-Caffeoyl-beta-D-glucose,
Antirrinoside, Apigenin 7,4'-diglucuronide,
Luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide,
5,7,4'-Trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone,
Chalconaringenin 4'-glucoside,
3,4,2',4',6'-Pentahydroxychalcone 4'-glucoside,
Aureusidin,
Aureusin
4-Methyl-2,6-naphthyridine

Crown flower; Calotropis gigantea

Calotropis gigantea Common Names: in English : asclepiad tree, bowstring-hemp, crown flower, crown plant, giant Indian milkweed, giant milkweed, giant milky weed, gigantic swallow wort, madar, madar flower, milkweed, mudar in East Africa : mpumbula in China : niu jiao gua in India : aak, aakdo, aank, aarka, ab shir madar, aditya, aekka, aekka maale, aekki gida, ag, aharbandhava, aharmani, aharpati, ahauna, ahgaram, ak, aka, akado, akan, akanak, akanda, akaona, akarai, akari, akahua, akda, akda cha jhada, akda nu jhada, akdachajhada, akdamu-jhada, akdo, ake, akh, akh ke phool, akom, akom aring, akon, akona, akond, akond mul, akondo, akra, akro, akuan, alacikacceti, alacikam, alagar, alakam, alal, alark, alarka, alarkah, alarpal, amarkkam, ancolam, angkot, ank, arak arak mara, arakh, arakha, arakho gatch, arakkam, arakkanceti, arakkaparani, ariccunam, ark, arka, arka-gida, arka vrikshaha, arkagatch, arkah (= sun), arkamu, arkavrikshaha, arkkam, arkku, arkopat...

Indian birthwort : Aristolochia indica

Aristolochia indica Flora Description: Perennial herbs or shrubs, twining or prostrate, rarely erect. Leaves entire or lobed, 3-7-nerved with a usually dilated petiole, exstipulate but often with an undeveloped axillary stipule-like leaf (pseudostipule). Inflorescence solitary, axillary or in short fascicled racemes. Perianth zygomorphic or actinomorphic, coloured, tubular, tube inflated below, hairy inside, limb oblique, (1-)2 (-3)-lipped. Stamens (5-) 6 or multiples of these with sessile anthers. Ovary 5-6-celled; placentation parietal or axile; ovules many, anatropous, biseriate; style divided into 3,5 or 6 linear or obtuse lobes. Seeds ± compressed, usually winged all around. Medicinal Properties and Uses: Crushed vegetative parts applied externally for snakebites. Leaf paste applied on boils, wounds, snakebites. Fresh or dried leaves chewed and swallowed for asthma. Leaf decoction febrifuge, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal,...

Chinese date, Chinese jujube, common jujube, cottony jujube, geb, governor plum, Indian jujube, Indian plum, Ziziphus mauritiana

Ziziphus mauritiana is a major commercial fruit-producing species in India with many cultivars varying in fruiting season and in fruit form, size, color, flavor, and keeping quality. The fruit is rich in vitamin C and is eaten raw, pickled, or used in beverages. The hard, fine wood is used in making furniture; the bark is used medicinally. The leaves contain tannin used for producing tannin extract. This is an important host tree for the parasitic scale insect, Laccifer lacca . Ziziphus mauritiana showed significant effects on antiinflammatory, cytoprotective, antiallergic, antiulcer activity, wound healing, antiobesity, antidiarrhoeal and anti-diabetic activity. The leaves also possess immunostimulant and cardiovascular properties. Ziziphus mauritiana plant contains flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, resins, polyphenols, mucilage and vitanins. The fruits are good source of vitamin C, sugars and contain various ...

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