Tabernaemontana corymbosa: names and pharmacology

Common Names:

in China: san fang gou ya hua

in Indonesia: djelutung badak, restong badak

Malay names: jelutong badak, pokok restong, susok ayam, susun kelapa

in Thailand: sang laa

in Vietnam: l[af]i tr[aa]u t[as]n

Scientific Names (Synonyms)

Ervatamia baviensis (Pit.) Pichon

Ervatamia chinensis (Merr.) Tsiang

Ervatamia continentalis Tsiang

Ervatamia continentalis var. pubiflora Tsiang

Ervatamia corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.) King & Gamble

Ervatamia corymbosa var. pubescens King & Gamble

Ervatamia hirta (Hook.f.) King & Gamble

Ervatamia inaequalifolia (Lütjeh. & Ooststr.) Pichon

Ervatamia jasminiflora Ridl.

Ervatamia kwangsiensis Tsiang

Ervatamia kweichowensis Tsiang

Ervatamia lamdongensis Lý

Ervatamia laotica (Pit.) Pichon

Ervatamia pauciflora Ridl.

Ervatamia pauciflora var. minor Ridl.

Ervatamia phuongii Lý

Ervatamia tenuiflora Tsiang

Ervatamia yunnanensis Tsiang

Ervatamia yunnanensis var. heterosepala Tsiang

Pagiantha corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.) Markgr.

Pagiantha peninsularis Kerr

Pseudixora sumatrana Miq.

Randia sumatrana (Miq.) Miq.

Tabernaemontana baviensis Pit.

Tabernaemontana carinata Lütjeh. & Ooststr.

Tabernaemontana chinensis Merr.

Tabernaemontana continentalis (Tsiang) P.T.Li

Tabernaemontana continentalis var. pubiflora (Tsiang) P.T.Li

Tabernaemontana cymulosa Miq.

Tabernaemontana hirta Hook.f.

Tabernaemontana inaequalifolia Lütjeh. & Ooststr.

Tabernaemontana kwangsiensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li

Tabernaemontana kweichowensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li

Tabernaemontana laotica Pit.

Tabernaemontana peninsularis (Kerr) P.T.Li

Tabernaemontana pubituba Merr.

Tabernaemontana sumatrana (Miq.) Hallier f.

Tabernaemontana sumatrana Merr. [Illegitimate]

Tabernaemontana tsiangiana P.T.Li

Tabernaemontana yunnanensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li

Tabernaemontana yunnanensis var. heterosepala (Tsiang) P.T.Li

Description:

Shrubs or small trees 0.8-8 m tall, glabrous except for flowers.
Petiole 0.3-2 cm;
leaf blade ovate to obovate, 7-30 X 2-14 cm, papery, apex acuminate; lateral veins 6-16 pairs.
Cymes shorter or longer than leaves; di- or trichotomous.
Flower buds with a globose head, rounded at apex.
Calyx lobes ovate, ciliate. Corolla white, puberulent to glabrous, tube 1.8-3.1 cm;
lobes obliquely elliptic, mostly falcate, 9-16 X 4-10 mm.
Stamens inserted above middle of corolla tube.
Follicles obliquely ellipsoid, 2-4.5 X 0.6-3 cm, beaked or rounded, sometimes stipitate

Phytochemicals:

19(S)-hydroxyibogamine, 19-epi-isovoacristine, 3R/S-ethoxy-19-epi-heyneanine, 3R/S-ethoxyheyneanine, isovoacryptine, conodiparine A, conodiparine B, conodiparine C, conodiparine D, conodiparine E, conodiparine F, conodutarine A, conodutarine B, cononitarine A, cononitarine B, jerantinine A, jerantinine B, jerantinine C, jerantinine D, jerantinine E, jerantinine F, jerantinine G, jerantinine H, jerantiphylline A, jerantiphylline B, Ervahanine A.

Pharmacological activity

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Antinematodal, Anthelmintic and analgesic, Vasorelaxation and Cytotoxic.

Jackal jujube, littlefruit jujube, squirrel’s jujube; Ziziphus oenoplia;

Ziziphus oenoplia commonly well known as makai in hindi and Jackal Jujube in english, is a straggling shrub distributed all over the hotter regions of Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, Malaysia, and Tropical Asia. The flowers are green, in sub sessile axillary cymes. The fruits are containing a single seed having globose drupe, black and shiny when ripe. It is frequently used for liver disease, the roots of the plant possess antiulcer and antioxidant, anthelminthi, antiplasmodial, angiogenic potential, antidenaturation and antibacterial. It has wound healing activity, hepatoprotective potential against antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity and as an ingredient in the preparation of stomach ache pills. Z. oenoplia plant is widely used in Ayurveda for the treatment of various diseases, such as ulcer, Stomach ache, obesity, asthma and it has an astringent, digestive, antiseptic, hepatoprotective, wound healing and diuretic property.

Crown flower; Calotropis gigantea

Calotropis gigantea Common Names: in English : asclepiad tree, bowstring-hemp, crown flower, crown plant, giant Indian milkweed, giant milkweed, giant milky weed, gigantic swallow wort, madar, madar flower, milkweed, mudar in East Africa : mpumbula in China : niu jiao gua in India : aak, aakdo, aank, aarka, ab shir madar, aditya, aekka, aekka maale, aekki gida, ag, aharbandhava, aharmani, aharpati, ahauna, ahgaram, ak, aka, akado, akan, akanak, akanda, akaona, akarai, akari, akahua, akda, akda cha jhada, akda nu jhada, akdachajhada, akdamu-jhada, akdo, ake, akh, akh ke phool, akom, akom aring, akon, akona, akond, akond mul, akondo, akra, akro, akuan, alacikacceti, alacikam, alagar, alakam, alal, alark, alarka, alarkah, alarpal, amarkkam, ancolam, angkot, ank, arak arak mara, arakh, arakha, arakho gatch, arakkam, arakkanceti, arakkaparani, ariccunam, ark, arka, arka-gida, arka vrikshaha, arkagatch, arkah (= sun), arkamu, arkavrikshaha, arkkam, arkku, arkopat

Gin berry, Jamaica mandarine orange, orangeberry, village rue, Glycosmis pentaphylla

Glycosmis pentaphylla is commonly known as gin berry, Jamaica mandarine orange, orangeberry, village rue. It is widely found in Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malayan, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. It is cultivated throughout Pakistan and its wood is used for making tools, handles and tent pegs. Glycosmis pentaphylla is small glabrous tree or shrub with 3-5-foliolate leaves. Its leaflets are glandular-punctate and sessile. Calyx lobes are ovate, with scarious margins. Petals are white, free, orbicular and imbricate. Ovary is 5-locular, glabrous while style is short. It contains Carbalexin A, Carbazole, Glycolone, Glycophylone, Glycophymoline, Glycosminine, Glycosolone, Glycozolidal, Glycozolidine, Glycozoline, Glypentoside A, GlypentosideB, Glypentoside C, Homoglycosolone, Noracronycine and Seguinoside F. Medicinal Properties and Uses Glycosmis pentaphylla is used for cough, rheumatism, anemia and jaundice. Stem bark paste of Glycosm

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