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Potato ( Solanum tuberosum )

Solanum tuberosum
The ‘potato’ is widely cultivated for its edible tubers in Pakistan. Does well in hilly areas up to 3000 m. Several varieties and races are known. The plant parts (including the tubers) contain a poisonous alkaloid, solanine, which is soon lost on boiling the tubers; sprouting or green tubers should be avoided for edible purposes. The entire plant contains toxic glycoalkaloids but usually in harmless quantities in the edible tubers. Two glycoalkaloids, alpha-solanine and alpha chaconine, are the major alkaloids in potatoes. However, in the presence of light, the tubers photosynthesize and coincidentally increase the amount of toxins. The skin, eyes, and sprouts of the tubers can develop toxic amounts. Even the flesh of the tuber can develop toxic quantities of the glycoalkaloids. Stem and tuber crushed and applied for frostbite. Pieces of boiled potato rubbed on burns and scalds to relieve pain and itching.


Solanum tuberosum Herbs are erect or sprawling, 30-80 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple and glandular hairs. Stolons bearing underground tubers; tubers white, red, or purplish, globose, oblate, or elliptic, 3-10 cm in diam., fleshy. Leaves interruptedly odd-pinnate, with 6-8 pairs of leaflets and smaller, unequal interstitial leaflets; petiole 2.5-5 cm; leaflet blade ovate or oblong, mostly sparingly pilose. Inflorescences appearing terminal, leaf opposed, or axillary, many-flowered, sparingly branched panicles. Pedicel articulate near middle, 1-2 cm. Calyx sparsely pubescent; lobes lanceolate. Corolla white, pink, or blue-purple, sometimes all on 1 plant, rotate, 2.5-3 cm in diam.; lobes deltate, ca. 5 mm. Filaments ca. 1 mm; anthers 5-6 mm. Ovary glabrous. Style ca. 8 mm. Berry green or yellowish green, often striped, globose, smooth

Solanum tuberosum contains a wide variety of phytochemcials such as: 9-Ribosyl-cis-zeatin, Indole-3-butyric acid, p-Coumaric acid, (-)-Jasmonic acid, Tuberonic acid, Colnelenic acid, Colneleic acid, 2-Carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate, Palmitone, Ginnone, Propane-1-thiol, Propane-2-thiol, Tuberonic acid glucoside, Dopamine, L-Noradrenaline, Tryptamine, alpha-Chaconine, Solanidine, alpha-Solanine, Calystegin A3, Calystegin B2, 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, Lubimin, (-)-Phytuberin, Rishitin, Solavetivone, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, Kaempferol 3-sophorotrioside-7-rhamnoside, Hirsutrin, Rutin, Quercetin 3-(2G-glucosylrutinoside), Pelargonidin 3-(4'''-p-coumarylrutinoside)-5-glucoside, Cyananin, Peonanin, Peonidin 3-caffeylrutinoside-5-glucoside, Violanin, Petunidin 3-(4'''-p-coumarylrutinoside), Petanin, 24-Methylenelophenol, Cyclohexane,Tuberosin,  Rishitinol, Malvidin 3-O-(6-O-(4-O-feruloyl-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-glucopyranoside)-5-beta-glucopyranoside, Pelargonidin 3-(4'''-feruloylrutinoside)-5-glucoside, Petunidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-O-(E)-caffeoyl-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-glucopyranoside]-5-O-beta-glucopyranoside, Petunidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-O-(4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-feruloyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]- 5-O-[beta-D-glucopyranoside], N-trans-Feruloyltyramine beta-Chaconine, beta-Solanine, gamma-Chaconine, gamma-Chaconine, Progesterone, Hentriacontan-8-one, Nonacosan-8-one, Tritriacontan-10-one, Tritriacontan-10-one, Tritriacontan-14-one, Tritriacontan-16-one, Tritriacontan-8-one, N-cis-Feruloyloctopamine, Normetanephrine, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3, Vitamin D3.

Common Names:

in English: Irish potato, potato, white potato, Zulu-potato
in French: pomme de terre
in Mexico: jroca, nyami-tecuinti, papa, papa correlona, popa, rerogue, rerohue, riroui, ri rohui, ta’upu’u, xojat-hapec
in Panama: mergikualu
in Peru: acacha, accsu, acshu, acso, akso, aksho, apalo, apharu, catzari, catzari tseri, cchoke, cchoque, cchoqque, chaucha, curao kara, kesia, maaona, mojaqui, mosaki, mosaqui, papa, patata, moy papa, papa de gentil, pua, quinqui, tseri
in Arabic: batata
in Southern Africa: aartappel, ertappel; litapole (Sotho); mazabane (Zulu)
in India: alu, aalu, batata, belathi-aloo, golalu, papeta, urlakalangu, urlagadda, uru-laikkizhangu
in China: huang tu, tu luan, tu yu, yang shu, yang yu
in Japan: jaga-imo, jagatara-imo
in Malaysia: ubi benggala, ubi gendang, ubi kentang
in Hawaii: ‘uala kahiki
Maori name: taewa

Scientific Names:

Solanum andigenum Juz. & Bukasov
Solanum andigenum subsp. aya-papa Bukasov & Lechn.
Solanum andigenum subsp. bolivianum Lechn.
Solanum andigenum subsp. ecuatorianum Lechn.
Solanum aquinas Bukasov
Solanum chiloense Berthault
Solanum chilotanum Hawkes
Solanum cultum Berthault
Solanum diemii Brücher
Solanum fonckii Phil.
Solanum kesselbrenneri Juz. & Bukasov
Solanum leptostigma Juz. & Buk.
Solanum molinae Juz. Solanum oceanicum Brücher
Solanum ochoanum Lechn.
Solanum sanmartiniense Brucher
Solanum subandigena Hawkes
Solanum tascalense Brucher
Solanum tascalense Brucher
Solanum tuberosum var. tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum
Solanum zykinii Lechn.
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