Dog Flower (Antirrhinum majus)

Dog Flower:

Common Names:

in English:

common snapdragon, dragon’s mouth, garden snapdragon, large snapdragon, Dog flower, snapdragon, toad’s mouth

in Italian:

bocca di leone, bocca di leone comune, bocca di lupo

Scientific Names (Synonym):

Antirrhinum majus L.
Antirrhinum majus var. algeriense (Rouy) Maire
Antirrhinum majus subsp. ambiguum (Lange) Malag
Antirrhinum majus var. angustifolium Chav.
Antirrhinum majus f. angustifolium (Chav.) Jáv.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. barrelieri (Boreau) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. charidemi (Lange) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus f. cirrhigerum (Welw. ex Ficalho) Cout.

Antirrhinum majus subsp. cirrhigerum (Welw. ex Ficalho) Franco
Antirrhinum majus f. compositum (Lojac.) Bég.
Antirrhinum majus var. dubium Faure & Maire
Antirrhinum majus var. fallax Loret
Antirrhinum majus var. faurei (Maire) Jahand. & Maire
Antirrhinum majus subsp. glutinosum (Boiss. & Reut.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. hispanicum (Chav.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus var. huetii (Reut.) Rouy
Antirrhinum majus var. hybridum Benth.
Antirrhinum majus var. intermedium (Debeaux) Rouy
Antirrhinum majus var. latifolium (Hoffmanns. & Link) Brot.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. latifolium (Mill.) Rouy
Antirrhinum majus subsp. linkianum (Boiss. & Reut.) Rothm.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. litigiosum (Pau ex Sennen) Rothm.
Antirrhinum majus var. longipedunculatum Regel
Antirrhinum majus f. luteum (Bég.) Bég.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. meonanthum (Hoffmanns. & Link.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. molle (L.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus var. ochroleucum (Coss.) Jahand. & Maire
Antirrhinum majus var. ottomanum (Janka) Rouy

Antirrhinum majus var. peloria Migout
Antirrhinum majus var. pseudomajus (Rouy) Rouy
Antirrhinum majus var. ramosissimum Willk. ex Lange
Antirrhinum majus subsp. rupestre (Boiss.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. sempervirens (Lapeyr.) Malag.
Antirrhinum majus var. siculum (Mill.) Fiori
Antirrhinum majus subsp. siculum (Mill.) Maire
Antirrhinum majus subsp. striatum (DC.) Rothm.
Antirrhinum majus var. striatum (DC.) Rothm.
Antirrhinum majus var. tortuosum (Bosc ex Vent.) Bég.
Antirrhinum majus subsp. tortuosum (Bosc ex Vent.) Rouy
Antirrhinum majus subsp. valentinum (Font Quer) Malag.

Pharmacological activities

Powdered stem to stop nose bleeding.
Leaves and flowers antiphlogistic, diuretic, bitter, resolvent and stimulant, detergent and astringent.
A treatment for scurvy, liver disorders, employed in poultices on ulcers, hemorrhoids.
Stem, leaves and fruits used in typhoid fever.

Chemical Constituents

Glycine,
L-Tryptophan,
Tyramine,
Cyanidin 3-rutinoside,
1-Caffeoyl-beta-D-glucose,
Antirrinoside, Apigenin 7,4'-diglucuronide,
Luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide,
5,7,4'-Trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone,
Chalconaringenin 4'-glucoside,
3,4,2',4',6'-Pentahydroxychalcone 4'-glucoside,
Aureusidin,
Aureusin
4-Methyl-2,6-naphthyridine

Jackal jujube, littlefruit jujube, squirrel’s jujube; Ziziphus oenoplia;

Ziziphus oenoplia commonly well known as makai in hindi and Jackal Jujube in english, is a straggling shrub distributed all over the hotter regions of Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, Malaysia, and Tropical Asia. The flowers are green, in sub sessile axillary cymes. The fruits are containing a single seed having globose drupe, black and shiny when ripe. It is frequently used for liver disease, the roots of the plant possess antiulcer and antioxidant, anthelminthi, antiplasmodial, angiogenic potential, antidenaturation and antibacterial. It has wound healing activity, hepatoprotective potential against antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity and as an ingredient in the preparation of stomach ache pills. Z. oenoplia plant is widely used in Ayurveda for the treatment of various diseases, such as ulcer, Stomach ache, obesity, asthma and it has an astringent, digestive, antiseptic, hepatoprotective, wound healing and diuretic property.

Crown flower; Calotropis gigantea

Calotropis gigantea Common Names: in English : asclepiad tree, bowstring-hemp, crown flower, crown plant, giant Indian milkweed, giant milkweed, giant milky weed, gigantic swallow wort, madar, madar flower, milkweed, mudar in East Africa : mpumbula in China : niu jiao gua in India : aak, aakdo, aank, aarka, ab shir madar, aditya, aekka, aekka maale, aekki gida, ag, aharbandhava, aharmani, aharpati, ahauna, ahgaram, ak, aka, akado, akan, akanak, akanda, akaona, akarai, akari, akahua, akda, akda cha jhada, akda nu jhada, akdachajhada, akdamu-jhada, akdo, ake, akh, akh ke phool, akom, akom aring, akon, akona, akond, akond mul, akondo, akra, akro, akuan, alacikacceti, alacikam, alagar, alakam, alal, alark, alarka, alarkah, alarpal, amarkkam, ancolam, angkot, ank, arak arak mara, arakh, arakha, arakho gatch, arakkam, arakkanceti, arakkaparani, ariccunam, ark, arka, arka-gida, arka vrikshaha, arkagatch, arkah (= sun), arkamu, arkavrikshaha, arkkam, arkku, arkopat

Gin berry, Jamaica mandarine orange, orangeberry, village rue, Glycosmis pentaphylla

Glycosmis pentaphylla is commonly known as gin berry, Jamaica mandarine orange, orangeberry, village rue. It is widely found in Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malayan, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. It is cultivated throughout Pakistan and its wood is used for making tools, handles and tent pegs. Glycosmis pentaphylla is small glabrous tree or shrub with 3-5-foliolate leaves. Its leaflets are glandular-punctate and sessile. Calyx lobes are ovate, with scarious margins. Petals are white, free, orbicular and imbricate. Ovary is 5-locular, glabrous while style is short. It contains Carbalexin A, Carbazole, Glycolone, Glycophylone, Glycophymoline, Glycosminine, Glycosolone, Glycozolidal, Glycozolidine, Glycozoline, Glypentoside A, GlypentosideB, Glypentoside C, Homoglycosolone, Noracronycine and Seguinoside F. Medicinal Properties and Uses Glycosmis pentaphylla is used for cough, rheumatism, anemia and jaundice. Stem bark paste of Glycosm

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